ADM evaluated the Percentage of Income Payment Plans (PIPP) administered by Black Hills Colorado Electric and Gas, Public Service Company of Colorado Electric and Gas, Colorado Natural Gas, and Atmos Energy Corporation. The PIPPs provide rate assistance to low-income customers with the goal of keeping their utility bills affordable. To evaluate the program ADM completed a literature review of similar programs; interviewed multiple stakeholders; analyzed publicly available U.S. Census Data to characterize the low-income population; completed surveys and interviews with program participants and non-participants; analyzed program impacts on energy costs, service disconnects, arrearage, and consumption; and monetized utility and participant benefits.